Canutis Genetics
Notice: There are likely still glitches in this genetic system, which will be fixed when they come to attention. Please expect alterations to this page.
Welcome to the most complex page on this website!
The Canutis, though it is in the dog family, has a very different system of color genetics. It consists of black and red pigments (eumelanin and phaeomelanin), just like other canines. However, the dilutions, patterns, and markings are quite different.
The Canutis, though it is in the dog family, has a very different system of color genetics. It consists of black and red pigments (eumelanin and phaeomelanin), just like other canines. However, the dilutions, patterns, and markings are quite different.
Just as a tip for those who do not already know, a "locus" (plural, loci) is a point on DNA where a gene sits, and that gene can program anything from black fur to brindle markings, depending on where it is and how it is structured. Of course, there are genes for more than simply color, but for the Canutis, that is all we will get into. A gene is made up of two alleles, which are represented by letters (e. g., Ee, or swsw [in the latter example, each sw represents an allele as well; it doesn't have to be a single letter]).
The K Locus
In order for eumelanin (black, black dilutes, and modified blacks) to be displayed, the gene on the K locus must be either KK or Kk. The kk gene allows the gene on the E locus to be displayed.
In the Canutis, the K (not k) gene can occasionally be faulty, allowing the color seal to show through.
In the Canutis, the K (not k) gene can occasionally be faulty, allowing the color seal to show through.
Coat Colors
Black, blue, liver, isabella, red, tan, gold, cream, seal, and in rare cases, colors unnatural for any other canine species (these colors are referred to as "unnatural", even though they do occur naturally in the Canutis)
All blacks, black dilutes, and modified blacks are found on the B locus. For any eumelanin (black) to be displayed, it must be proceeded by either a KK or Kk. A kk gene means that the red colors will be displayed instead.
Black: BB DD / BB Dd / Bb DD / Bb Dd (black nose)
Blue: BB dd / Bb dd (blue or black nose)
Liver: bb DD / bb Dd (liver or black nose)
Isabella: bb dd (isabella or black nose)
Seal: Ks (black nose)
In the Canutis, seal is caused by a faulty K gene, known as Ks. Since it is a weakened version of the original gene, it is always dominated by K, Kbr, and Kz. Ks dominates all recessive, of course.
All reds, red dilutes, and modified reds are found on the E locus. In order for any red (phaeomelanin) to be displayed, the kk gene must be present.
Red: EE DD / EE Dd / Ee DD / Ee Dd (black nose)
Tan (varies from shades of chocolate to very light tan): EE dd / Ee dd (black nose)
Gold (varies from deep, rich gold to light gold, though not as light as cream): ee DD / ee Dd (black nose)
Cream: ee dd (black nose)
The B, E, and D loci will appear in this order in a genotype: BB EE DD. The way you can tell whether the dilute affects the black (B) or red (E) is by reading the K locus, which will be in front of these genes. If K is present, then the black options will be displayed, and this is what the dilute will affect. Likewise, red will be displayed and affected with a kk gene. The D locus, if it either has or carries d, can and will affect whichever gene is dominant, B or E. To sum up, when the dilute gene is passed down, it will affect whichever pigmentation gene is dominant, regardless of what was displayed by its parents.
All blacks, black dilutes, and modified blacks are found on the B locus. For any eumelanin (black) to be displayed, it must be proceeded by either a KK or Kk. A kk gene means that the red colors will be displayed instead.
Black: BB DD / BB Dd / Bb DD / Bb Dd (black nose)
Blue: BB dd / Bb dd (blue or black nose)
Liver: bb DD / bb Dd (liver or black nose)
Isabella: bb dd (isabella or black nose)
Seal: Ks (black nose)
In the Canutis, seal is caused by a faulty K gene, known as Ks. Since it is a weakened version of the original gene, it is always dominated by K, Kbr, and Kz. Ks dominates all recessive, of course.
All reds, red dilutes, and modified reds are found on the E locus. In order for any red (phaeomelanin) to be displayed, the kk gene must be present.
Red: EE DD / EE Dd / Ee DD / Ee Dd (black nose)
Tan (varies from shades of chocolate to very light tan): EE dd / Ee dd (black nose)
Gold (varies from deep, rich gold to light gold, though not as light as cream): ee DD / ee Dd (black nose)
Cream: ee dd (black nose)
The B, E, and D loci will appear in this order in a genotype: BB EE DD. The way you can tell whether the dilute affects the black (B) or red (E) is by reading the K locus, which will be in front of these genes. If K is present, then the black options will be displayed, and this is what the dilute will affect. Likewise, red will be displayed and affected with a kk gene. The D locus, if it either has or carries d, can and will affect whichever gene is dominant, B or E. To sum up, when the dilute gene is passed down, it will affect whichever pigmentation gene is dominant, regardless of what was displayed by its parents.
Unnatural Colors
Unnatural colors can appear in the Canutis on very rare occasions. These color(s) can appear as either the base coat color, or solely in one specific marking (e.g., black with blue points).
Unnatural colors can appear on the following loci: B; E; C; A; S; and T. If a gene on any of these loci is affected by an unnatural color, it will be modified by the letter h (H is not possible, only h). Only one h must be present, but it must be modifying the dominant allele of a dominant gene in order to be displayed.
If h is added to either B or E locus, the resulting color will be decided by the rest of color genotype, and any markings will be adjusted in color as well, being a darkened or lightened version of base color as would occur with a natural coat color. If marking is of a different color (e.g., tan points vs. black base coat), then that marking could appear a different shade of the base coat or possibly a color close to but not the same as the base coat (e.g, blue coat with green points, or orange coat with yellow points).
Here are some examples of the h modifier:
BBh: Black carrying unnatural
Bbh: Black carrying unnatural
AAh: Muddy carrying unnatural muddy
AhA: Unnatural muddy carrying natural muddy
Aayh: Muddy carrying unnatural sable
Here are some bigger examples:
KK BhB EE DD: Black modified to green
Kk BB eeh Dd: Black carrying teal or yellow
kk Bb EhE DD: Red modified to bright red
kk BBh ee dd: Red carrying green or bright blue
Now for the next question: which unnatural colors can appear, and when? Here is a list of which colors appear on which genes:
Black + h: Green
Blue + h: Blue (bright, not natural)
Liver + h: Orange
Isabella + h: Purple
Red + h: Red (bright, not natural)
Tan + h: Pink
Gold + h: Yellow
Cream + h: Teal
These unnatural colors can vary in shade just like any other color. The only way white markings are intensely (if at all) affected by unnatural colors is if the h modifier is directly attached to it; any other coat colors barely affect white markings, if they even do at all. For example, if the base coat color is teal, then any white markings will be either normally white or a very, very light shade of teal.
Unnatural colors can appear on the following loci: B; E; C; A; S; and T. If a gene on any of these loci is affected by an unnatural color, it will be modified by the letter h (H is not possible, only h). Only one h must be present, but it must be modifying the dominant allele of a dominant gene in order to be displayed.
If h is added to either B or E locus, the resulting color will be decided by the rest of color genotype, and any markings will be adjusted in color as well, being a darkened or lightened version of base color as would occur with a natural coat color. If marking is of a different color (e.g., tan points vs. black base coat), then that marking could appear a different shade of the base coat or possibly a color close to but not the same as the base coat (e.g, blue coat with green points, or orange coat with yellow points).
Here are some examples of the h modifier:
BBh: Black carrying unnatural
Bbh: Black carrying unnatural
AAh: Muddy carrying unnatural muddy
AhA: Unnatural muddy carrying natural muddy
Aayh: Muddy carrying unnatural sable
Here are some bigger examples:
KK BhB EE DD: Black modified to green
Kk BB eeh Dd: Black carrying teal or yellow
kk Bb EhE DD: Red modified to bright red
kk BBh ee dd: Red carrying green or bright blue
Now for the next question: which unnatural colors can appear, and when? Here is a list of which colors appear on which genes:
Black + h: Green
Blue + h: Blue (bright, not natural)
Liver + h: Orange
Isabella + h: Purple
Red + h: Red (bright, not natural)
Tan + h: Pink
Gold + h: Yellow
Cream + h: Teal
These unnatural colors can vary in shade just like any other color. The only way white markings are intensely (if at all) affected by unnatural colors is if the h modifier is directly attached to it; any other coat colors barely affect white markings, if they even do at all. For example, if the base coat color is teal, then any white markings will be either normally white or a very, very light shade of teal.
White Markings
No white: S (dominant)
Minimal: sm
Minimal white can range from small white marks on the chest and toes to white on muzzle, paws, chest, belly, and tail
Irish: si
Piebald: sp
Piebald may be specified in a phenotype as either piebald or semi-piebald, depending on coverage. It can vary from being a neat, simple pattern to being as intricate as the Great Dane's harlequin pattern.
Solid white: sw
As the name suggests, this marking covers most or all of a Canutis's coat, hiding all other colors and markings beneath.
Minimal: sm
Minimal white can range from small white marks on the chest and toes to white on muzzle, paws, chest, belly, and tail
Irish: si
Piebald: sp
Piebald may be specified in a phenotype as either piebald or semi-piebald, depending on coverage. It can vary from being a neat, simple pattern to being as intricate as the Great Dane's harlequin pattern.
Solid white: sw
As the name suggests, this marking covers most or all of a Canutis's coat, hiding all other colors and markings beneath.
Coat Markings
Brindle: Kbr
Appearance: Brindle is a darkened (and occasionally lightened) pattern of color grizzling that appears stripe-like, running from the spine downward on the body. It can range from so light and scattered that it is barely seen to being so dense and heavy that the coat appears distinctly striped.
Interaction: Brindle can appear on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified. Because it is a modified K, Kbr is dominated by K (would appear as KKbr), but can be displayed by KbrKbr, Kbrkbr, or Kbrk. The recessive version of this allele, kbr, requires kbrkbr to be displayed (would be brindle on phaeomelanin rather than eumelanin).
Body Stripes: cb
Appearance: Body stripes are striping patterns that are boldest along the spine and can (but may not always) fade as they progress downward on the body. These stripes will be darker than the base coat color unless directly affected by an h modifier.
Interaction: Body stripes can appear on any color, but will not be displayed if brindle, agouti, merle, appaloosa, feral merle, or roan is displayed.
Primitive Markings: cp
Appearance: Primitive Markings consist of leg barring, shoulders stripe(s), dorsal stripe, and/or darkened hair on wrists/elbows/below hocks. The marked areas can range from only slightly darker to black, and often not all of the portions are displayed (e.g., just a dorsal stripe and leg barring). Shoulder stripes will only occur with a dorsal stripe.
Interaction: Primitive markings can appear on any color, and can be displayed with any marking except brindle.
Castling: ce
Appearance: Castling is a series of distinct, light-colored lines that make the coat color appear like broken spots similar to the markings of a giraffe. The coat's original color is boldest in the patches along the spine, but as the castling progresses farther downward on the body, the entire lower coat fades into the lighter color of the castling marks.
Interaction: Castling can occur on any coat color, but will not be displayed if agouti, merle, appaloosa, feral merle, or roan is displayed.
Muddy: A
Appearance: Muddy is a darkened pattern that somewhat resembles the markings of a wolverine, covering the muzzle, ears, top of head, part of the neck, chest, legs, and underside of the tail. Even if the rest of the coat has other markings, they will rarely show through muddy markings.
Interaction: Muddy can be displayed on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Sable: Ay
Appearance: Sable in the Canutis is simply a type of shading. It is always darker than the base color. Double sable (AyAy) produces heavy shading, sometimes becoming black in the most intense areas. Sable can cover anywhere from just a few hairs along the back to blanketing the back, shoulders, thighs, tail, neck, nape, ears, and sometimes part of the face.
Interaction: Sable can appear on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Agouti: aw
Appearance: Agouti, if present, will show over any other base coat color. This appears like the coat of a gray wolf, looking grizzled especially on the main part of the body. The slight colors that show through the grizzling will hint at what the base color actually is, as well as possibly the nose color. The coat's base color may be especially visible along the spine. S is the only locus not affected by agouti, except for the rare genetic mutation on the B locus that appears as Bm. Since Bm produces strengthened patches of eumelanin, those patches are intense enough to appear either intermixed with or on top of agouti.
Interaction: When this gene is displayed, all other markings except primitive markings, grey, and marble (see "mutations") will be hidden, whether or not they are listed as dominating other markings.
Saddle: as
Appearance: The saddle marking in the Canutis is a widespread patch on the back that is comprised of darker or black hair, unless directly affected by an unnatural color. If body stripes or castling are present at the same time, then they will always be contained within the saddle.
Interaction: A saddle can be displayed on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Tan points: at
Appearance: Tan points are tan markings that appear on the muzzle, sides of the face, eyebrows, shoulders, and legs. Penciling can occur, which is when spots of the coat's main color appear in the tan points. The dd gene dilutes tan points into cream points.
Interaction: Tan points can be displayed on all colors, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Gray: G
Appearance: Gray is the gradual dilution of the colors in the coat until it becomes white or almost white (has nothing to do with the D locus). The coat begins fully colored when young, but over time will fade to grey or even white, in extreme cases. The graying may be shown anywhere from faint to very progressed on the individual Canutis's reference.
Interaction: Gray can appear on all colors except unnatural, and can affect any marking, even agouti.
Snowspots: l
Appearance: Snowspots are white spots that appear randomly throughout the coat.
Interaction: Snowspots can appear on any color, and can be displayed with any markings except agouti.
Snowflakes: ls
Appearance: Snowflakes are much like snowspots, only much tinier
Interaction: Snowflakes can appear on any color, and can be displayed with any markings except agouti.
Merle: M
Appearance: Merle is when the coat is lightly to heavily diluted (has nothing to do with D locus), aside from certain distinct patches where normal pigmentation is retained.
Interaction: Merle can appear on any color, but cannot be displayed when brindle or agouti is displayed.
Appaloosa: a (modifies M, so appears as Ma)
Appearance: Appaloosa is a modifier of the merle gene. If Ma is present, then the merle's dilution will be restricted to the back and upper hindquarters of the Canutis, and can (though doesn't always) appear much more diluted that normal, even to the point of looking white. The dark patches in the merle will have much more crisp, visible edges. This marking is carried (not displayed) by MMa (M carrying Ma).
Interaction: Appaloosa can appear on any color, but cannot be displayed when brindle or agouti is displayed.
Feral merle: Mf
Appearance: Feral merle is a pattern of blotchy, random stripes or similar patterns that begin along the spine but do not fade as they progress downward on the body, often with other spots that do not reach the back. The top of the head, the ears, and the entire tail are always marked. As the name suggests, Feral Merle patches are truly patches of fully-pigmented hair, while the rest of the coat is lightly to heavily diluted in color (has nothing to do with the D locus).
Interaction: Feral merle can be appear on any coat color, but will not be displayed if brindle or agouti is displayed.
Mask: um
Appearance: The mask is a darkening of the muzzle and ears (sometimes including the forelock, but not necessarily). The mask can spread to cover, at its maximum reach, the entire face, part of the throat/neck, and even onto the chest.
Interaction: Mask can appear on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Roan: R
Appearance: Roan is a dilution (has nothing to do with D locus) of the hair on the main part of the body, fading into a fully pigmented face, legs, and tail, though coverage may vary.
Interaction: Roan can appear on any color, but cannot be displayed if brindle, agouti, or saddle are displayed.
Ticking: T
Appearance: Ticking is when very small spots of the coat's color appear in white areas.
Interaction: Ticking can appear on any color, and can be displayed on any white marking.
Appearance: Brindle is a darkened (and occasionally lightened) pattern of color grizzling that appears stripe-like, running from the spine downward on the body. It can range from so light and scattered that it is barely seen to being so dense and heavy that the coat appears distinctly striped.
Interaction: Brindle can appear on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified. Because it is a modified K, Kbr is dominated by K (would appear as KKbr), but can be displayed by KbrKbr, Kbrkbr, or Kbrk. The recessive version of this allele, kbr, requires kbrkbr to be displayed (would be brindle on phaeomelanin rather than eumelanin).
Body Stripes: cb
Appearance: Body stripes are striping patterns that are boldest along the spine and can (but may not always) fade as they progress downward on the body. These stripes will be darker than the base coat color unless directly affected by an h modifier.
Interaction: Body stripes can appear on any color, but will not be displayed if brindle, agouti, merle, appaloosa, feral merle, or roan is displayed.
Primitive Markings: cp
Appearance: Primitive Markings consist of leg barring, shoulders stripe(s), dorsal stripe, and/or darkened hair on wrists/elbows/below hocks. The marked areas can range from only slightly darker to black, and often not all of the portions are displayed (e.g., just a dorsal stripe and leg barring). Shoulder stripes will only occur with a dorsal stripe.
Interaction: Primitive markings can appear on any color, and can be displayed with any marking except brindle.
Castling: ce
Appearance: Castling is a series of distinct, light-colored lines that make the coat color appear like broken spots similar to the markings of a giraffe. The coat's original color is boldest in the patches along the spine, but as the castling progresses farther downward on the body, the entire lower coat fades into the lighter color of the castling marks.
Interaction: Castling can occur on any coat color, but will not be displayed if agouti, merle, appaloosa, feral merle, or roan is displayed.
Muddy: A
Appearance: Muddy is a darkened pattern that somewhat resembles the markings of a wolverine, covering the muzzle, ears, top of head, part of the neck, chest, legs, and underside of the tail. Even if the rest of the coat has other markings, they will rarely show through muddy markings.
Interaction: Muddy can be displayed on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Sable: Ay
Appearance: Sable in the Canutis is simply a type of shading. It is always darker than the base color. Double sable (AyAy) produces heavy shading, sometimes becoming black in the most intense areas. Sable can cover anywhere from just a few hairs along the back to blanketing the back, shoulders, thighs, tail, neck, nape, ears, and sometimes part of the face.
Interaction: Sable can appear on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Agouti: aw
Appearance: Agouti, if present, will show over any other base coat color. This appears like the coat of a gray wolf, looking grizzled especially on the main part of the body. The slight colors that show through the grizzling will hint at what the base color actually is, as well as possibly the nose color. The coat's base color may be especially visible along the spine. S is the only locus not affected by agouti, except for the rare genetic mutation on the B locus that appears as Bm. Since Bm produces strengthened patches of eumelanin, those patches are intense enough to appear either intermixed with or on top of agouti.
Interaction: When this gene is displayed, all other markings except primitive markings, grey, and marble (see "mutations") will be hidden, whether or not they are listed as dominating other markings.
Saddle: as
Appearance: The saddle marking in the Canutis is a widespread patch on the back that is comprised of darker or black hair, unless directly affected by an unnatural color. If body stripes or castling are present at the same time, then they will always be contained within the saddle.
Interaction: A saddle can be displayed on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Tan points: at
Appearance: Tan points are tan markings that appear on the muzzle, sides of the face, eyebrows, shoulders, and legs. Penciling can occur, which is when spots of the coat's main color appear in the tan points. The dd gene dilutes tan points into cream points.
Interaction: Tan points can be displayed on all colors, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Gray: G
Appearance: Gray is the gradual dilution of the colors in the coat until it becomes white or almost white (has nothing to do with the D locus). The coat begins fully colored when young, but over time will fade to grey or even white, in extreme cases. The graying may be shown anywhere from faint to very progressed on the individual Canutis's reference.
Interaction: Gray can appear on all colors except unnatural, and can affect any marking, even agouti.
Snowspots: l
Appearance: Snowspots are white spots that appear randomly throughout the coat.
Interaction: Snowspots can appear on any color, and can be displayed with any markings except agouti.
Snowflakes: ls
Appearance: Snowflakes are much like snowspots, only much tinier
Interaction: Snowflakes can appear on any color, and can be displayed with any markings except agouti.
Merle: M
Appearance: Merle is when the coat is lightly to heavily diluted (has nothing to do with D locus), aside from certain distinct patches where normal pigmentation is retained.
Interaction: Merle can appear on any color, but cannot be displayed when brindle or agouti is displayed.
Appaloosa: a (modifies M, so appears as Ma)
Appearance: Appaloosa is a modifier of the merle gene. If Ma is present, then the merle's dilution will be restricted to the back and upper hindquarters of the Canutis, and can (though doesn't always) appear much more diluted that normal, even to the point of looking white. The dark patches in the merle will have much more crisp, visible edges. This marking is carried (not displayed) by MMa (M carrying Ma).
Interaction: Appaloosa can appear on any color, but cannot be displayed when brindle or agouti is displayed.
Feral merle: Mf
Appearance: Feral merle is a pattern of blotchy, random stripes or similar patterns that begin along the spine but do not fade as they progress downward on the body, often with other spots that do not reach the back. The top of the head, the ears, and the entire tail are always marked. As the name suggests, Feral Merle patches are truly patches of fully-pigmented hair, while the rest of the coat is lightly to heavily diluted in color (has nothing to do with the D locus).
Interaction: Feral merle can be appear on any coat color, but will not be displayed if brindle or agouti is displayed.
Mask: um
Appearance: The mask is a darkening of the muzzle and ears (sometimes including the forelock, but not necessarily). The mask can spread to cover, at its maximum reach, the entire face, part of the throat/neck, and even onto the chest.
Interaction: Mask can appear on any color, and with any markings unless otherwise specified.
Roan: R
Appearance: Roan is a dilution (has nothing to do with D locus) of the hair on the main part of the body, fading into a fully pigmented face, legs, and tail, though coverage may vary.
Interaction: Roan can appear on any color, but cannot be displayed if brindle, agouti, or saddle are displayed.
Ticking: T
Appearance: Ticking is when very small spots of the coat's color appear in white areas.
Interaction: Ticking can appear on any color, and can be displayed on any white marking.
NOTE: If a marking cannot be displayed when something else is present, that means that the gene may appear dominant in the genotype, but the marking will not be shown on the coat because the other marking(s) are displayed.
Known Mutations
Albino: z (albino is an extremely rare mutation of the K gene, so KzKz, Kzk, and kzkz display, Kkz and kkz carry, and KK and kk do not carry).
Albino in the Canutis is when either all or most of the body's pigment is unable to be produced, resulting in a very pale coat and pink eyes.
Marble: Bm
Marble in the Canutis is a rare mutation of the B locus which strengthens it in random places. Marble appears as one or more patches of the eumelanin color, strong enough to appear on phaeomelanin colors or through dilution-markings such as roan or merle. Marble is only known to affect B alleles, not b. Due to it being a strengthened allele, it dominates otherwise dominant alleles, and can therefore be displayed as BmBm, Bmb, or BmB. BBm is not possible. Bm can only be seen when the gene on the K locus is kk, so as to allow the eumelanin to be the base coat color.
Note: Other markings and genetic mutations may be possible, just not discovered yet. If others are found, they will be recorded here, and rarities will be altered accordingly.
Albino in the Canutis is when either all or most of the body's pigment is unable to be produced, resulting in a very pale coat and pink eyes.
Marble: Bm
Marble in the Canutis is a rare mutation of the B locus which strengthens it in random places. Marble appears as one or more patches of the eumelanin color, strong enough to appear on phaeomelanin colors or through dilution-markings such as roan or merle. Marble is only known to affect B alleles, not b. Due to it being a strengthened allele, it dominates otherwise dominant alleles, and can therefore be displayed as BmBm, Bmb, or BmB. BBm is not possible. Bm can only be seen when the gene on the K locus is kk, so as to allow the eumelanin to be the base coat color.
Note: Other markings and genetic mutations may be possible, just not discovered yet. If others are found, they will be recorded here, and rarities will be altered accordingly.
Overview of Loci and Genes Affecting Color in the Canutis
The alleles on each individual locus are listed in order of dominance.
K: KK/Kk/kk (controls whether eumelanin or phaomelanin is displayed), Kbr/kbr (brindle); Kz/kz (albino)
B: BB/Bb (black, dilutes to blue); bb (liver, dilutes to isabella); Bm (marble)
E: EE/Ee (red, dilutes to tan); ee (gold, dilutes to cream)
D: D (no dilute); d (dilute)
S: S (no white); sm (minimal white); si (irish); sp (piebald); sw (solid)
C: C (no display); cp (primitive equine markings); ce (castle); cb (body stripes);
A: A (muddy); Ay (sable); as (saddle); at (tan points); aw (agouti); a (no display);
G: G (gray); g (non-gray)
L: L (no display); ls (snowflakes); l (snowspots);
M: M (merle); Ma (merle modified with appaloosa); Mf (feral merle)
U: U (no display); um (mask)
R: R (roan)
T: T (ticking)
Allele + h: Unnatural color
B: BB/Bb (black, dilutes to blue); bb (liver, dilutes to isabella); Bm (marble)
E: EE/Ee (red, dilutes to tan); ee (gold, dilutes to cream)
D: D (no dilute); d (dilute)
S: S (no white); sm (minimal white); si (irish); sp (piebald); sw (solid)
C: C (no display); cp (primitive equine markings); ce (castle); cb (body stripes);
A: A (muddy); Ay (sable); as (saddle); at (tan points); aw (agouti); a (no display);
G: G (gray); g (non-gray)
L: L (no display); ls (snowflakes); l (snowspots);
M: M (merle); Ma (merle modified with appaloosa); Mf (feral merle)
U: U (no display); um (mask)
R: R (roan)
T: T (ticking)
Allele + h: Unnatural color